DESCRIPTION OF CODE OF CONDUCT VIOLATIONS

違反行為守則的描述 （續）

Wages and Benefits:

Off Clock Work: If employees work off the clock, they may be paid in cash, which leads to tax and

social security problems. They also cannot be guaranteed the minimum wage and/or overtime.

Cash Pay: In Canada and the U.S.A. cash pay is a violation because if an employee is paid in cash,

then the records can be altered, allowing for evasion of taxes and social security. Furthermore,

employers can violate minimum wage and overtime regulations.

Unpaid training: A violation occurs if the employer does not pay a trainee the amount that he/she

should receive according to the law.

Minimum Wage: The minimum wage is set either nationally, regionally, or by occupation. If an employee

is paid by piece instead of hour, the employee must receive a wage equal to or above minimum wage. Any

compensation below the minimum wage set by an individual country is a violation.

Overtime: All hours worked above the normal workweek must be compensated at the overtime rate specified

by the individual country’s labor code. This is regardless of any industry practice which may deny workers

overtime. Overtime to be paid within the working month or as specified by individual country law.

Record Keeping: The employer must keep adequate records on his employers including their personal

information (name, address…), wages, hours worked, and money received. Also, in some countries,

contractors need to have factory license and health insurance for the employees.

Excessive Deductions: This occurs when an employer subtracts more money than required or is legally

permitted from the employee’s pay.

Work Hours:

Time Cards: All hours worked must be tracked in order to ensure correct payment of minimum wage and

overtime. Absence of an adequate system of tracking hours worked means that correct pay for hours worked

cannot be verified. Time card violations occur if an employer shaves off time or manipulates the hours

punched on the timecard. Sometimes, one employee has multiple time cards or one employee punches in for

all employees. In order to avoid these problems, time cards should include employee name, week ending date,

employee signature, and the employee should initial any changes made to this record.

Freedom of Association:

Most countries require that employers allow employees the freedom to choose to associate or not to associate

with trade unions and other employee organizations. Even where these rights are restricted by the country law,

employers should facilitate worker organizations within the company. Employees should be allowed to select

worker representatives and representatives should have access to company management in order to address

grievances and other issues.

Health and Safety:

Violations occur when factories have unsanitary or unhealthy conditions that pose a danger to employees’

well being. Sanitary conditions, good lighting and ventilation, employee training, and emergency preparation

are all necessary for an acceptable work environment.

Environmental Standards:

International environmental standards, and most country regulations, require control of air emissions,

wastewater processes, labeling of chemicals, storage of hazardous materials, reduction or elimination

of PCB and asbestos use, and many other issues.